Top 100 Scientists

World Medical and Health Sciences / Molecular Biology Top 100 Scientists 2024

The ranking of “Top 100” scientists is based on total h-index scores. Top 100 scientists can be ranked globally or specific to the following regions including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, Arab League, EECA, BRICS, and COMESA based on total h-index scores without any breakdown by subject areas. Top 100 rankings in the world, in a continent, or a region include standardized subjects areas of Agriculture & Forestry, Arts, Design and Architecture, Business & Management, Economics & Econometrics, Education, Engineering & Technology, History, Philosophy, Theology, Law/Law and Legal Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. According to Total H. BETA VERSION. Subject field ranking in world, region, country and university is beta version since subject field "others" (679,616 scientists profile whose branch cannot be determined, not yet edited or determined) is excluded, so the ranking will change as the others fields are edited. Please note that. Subjects indicated as “ * others ” will not be included in the ranking by regions and subjects. Therefore, you may wish to specify your subject and branch and contribute in order to standardize your performance. Determining the subjects/departments, to which scientific fields would belong, may seem easy in some branches and in a variety of countries. However, it may create considerable confusion in some other countries, regions, and schools. We would like to emphasize that the following fields including Engineering, Natural and Environmental Sciences, Biology, Biochemistry, Material Science, Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Social Sciences may exist in quite variable spectrums in different countries. Therefore, we would like to stress that the standardization of subjects and branches has not been easy. To perform standardizations, we accepted the official names of the institutions and academic branches as accurate in the way that they were specified on the university website. We have developed this strategy in order to standardize this complex situation at least partially. Furthermore, we started a procedure to add an as “i” at the end of the names of the authors when a scientific paper of interest included many authors such as CERN, ATLAS, ALICE, CMS, Statistical Data, Guideline, Updates etc. scientific papers. We think that new criteria will be defined to be implemented for such studies. Until further criteria are described, we marked such studies with a “i” sign.

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Total 208 scientist, 29 country, 108 institution
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 3
Country:
# 29
Region:
# 441
World:
# 1,112
H-Index
Total:
165
Last 6 Year:
132
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.800
i10 Index
Total:
650
Last 6 Year:
592
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.911
Citation
Total:
111,497
Last 6 Year:
67,156
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.602
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 2
Country:
# 585
Region:
# 631
World:
# 1,370
H-Index
Total:
157
Last 6 Year:
54
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.344
i10 Index
Total:
455
Last 6 Year:
251
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.552
Citation
Total:
80,898
Last 6 Year:
10,662
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.132
Douwe Van Sinderen
Bacteriophage
lactic acid bacteria
bifidobacteria
gut microbiota
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 7
Country:
# 16
Region:
# 1,631
World:
# 4,779
H-Index
Total:
115
Last 6 Year:
80
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.696
i10 Index
Total:
467
Last 6 Year:
404
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.865
Citation
Total:
55,476
Last 6 Year:
29,231
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.527
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 17
Country:
# 149
Region:
# 1,920
World:
# 5,646
H-Index
Total:
111
Last 6 Year:
48
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.432
i10 Index
Total:
430
Last 6 Year:
238
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.553
Citation
Total:
41,891
Last 6 Year:
9,850
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.235
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 101
Country:
# 4,307
Region:
# 4,693
World:
# 9,355
H-Index
Total:
97
Last 6 Year:
55
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.567
i10 Index
Total:
193
Last 6 Year:
146
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.756
Citation
Total:
33,873
Last 6 Year:
10,165
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.300
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 40
Country:
# 324
Region:
# 3,749
World:
# 11,089
H-Index
Total:
93
Last 6 Year:
38
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.409
i10 Index
Total:
249
Last 6 Year:
136
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.546
Citation
Total:
26,259
Last 6 Year:
6,275
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.239
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 77
Country:
# 7,505
Region:
# 8,197
World:
# 16,720
H-Index
Total:
83
Last 6 Year:
38
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.458
i10 Index
Total:
225
Last 6 Year:
111
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.493
Citation
Total:
34,378
Last 6 Year:
11,388
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.331
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 8
Country:
# 65
Region:
# 6,122
World:
# 18,104
H-Index
Total:
81
Last 6 Year:
43
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.531
i10 Index
Total:
223
Last 6 Year:
157
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.704
Citation
Total:
19,329
Last 6 Year:
5,910
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.306
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 45
Country:
# 772
Region:
# 6,158
World:
# 18,209
H-Index
Total:
81
Last 6 Year:
38
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.469
i10 Index
Total:
179
Last 6 Year:
93
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.520
Citation
Total:
26,146
Last 6 Year:
8,684
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.332
Volker Haucke
Neurotransmission
Membranlipide
Membranverkehr
Exo- und Endoztyose
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 11
Country:
# 878
Region:
# 6,286
World:
# 18,620
H-Index
Total:
80
Last 6 Year:
51
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.638
i10 Index
Total:
186
Last 6 Year:
159
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.855
Citation
Total:
29,943
Last 6 Year:
14,009
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.468
Christian Montag
Human-Computer-Interaction
Cyberpsychology
Neuroscience
Psychology
Digital Phenotyping
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 9
Country:
# 902
Region:
# 6,445
World:
# 19,125
H-Index
Total:
79
Last 6 Year:
63
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.797
i10 Index
Total:
301
Last 6 Year:
270
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.897
Citation
Total:
20,793
Last 6 Year:
15,766
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.758
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 82
Country:
# 9,873
Region:
# 10,853
World:
# 22,558
H-Index
Total:
76
Last 6 Year:
33
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.434
i10 Index
Total:
191
Last 6 Year:
76
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.398
Citation
Total:
24,497
Last 6 Year:
4,694
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.192
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 100
Country:
# 753
Region:
# 8,376
World:
# 24,523
H-Index
Total:
74
Last 6 Year:
37
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.500
i10 Index
Total:
203
Last 6 Year:
117
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.576
Citation
Total:
17,644
Last 6 Year:
6,025
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.341
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 17
Country:
# 1,077
Region:
# 8,595
World:
# 25,169
H-Index
Total:
73
Last 6 Year:
48
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.658
i10 Index
Total:
194
Last 6 Year:
149
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.768
Citation
Total:
22,641
Last 6 Year:
9,757
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.431
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 27
Country:
# 1,254
Region:
# 9,006
World:
# 26,384
H-Index
Total:
72
Last 6 Year:
48
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.667
i10 Index
Total:
120
Last 6 Year:
106
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.883
Citation
Total:
21,112
Last 6 Year:
8,148
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.386
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 29
Country:
# 12,027
Region:
# 13,259
World:
# 28,077
H-Index
Total:
71
Last 6 Year:
38
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.535
i10 Index
Total:
131
Last 6 Year:
95
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.725
Citation
Total:
18,046
Last 6 Year:
5,377
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.298
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 99
Country:
# 856
Region:
# 9,672
World:
# 28,170
H-Index
Total:
71
Last 6 Year:
35
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.493
i10 Index
Total:
200
Last 6 Year:
99
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.495
Citation
Total:
31,873
Last 6 Year:
10,504
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.330
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 56
Country:
# 1,373
Region:
# 9,881
World:
# 28,841
H-Index
Total:
70
Last 6 Year:
47
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.671
i10 Index
Total:
211
Last 6 Year:
155
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.735
Citation
Total:
18,048
Last 6 Year:
8,020
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.444
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 63
Country:
# 932
Region:
# 10,511
World:
# 30,617
H-Index
Total:
69
Last 6 Year:
40
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.580
i10 Index
Total:
125
Last 6 Year:
102
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.816
Citation
Total:
17,236
Last 6 Year:
5,470
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.317
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 11
Country:
# 1,469
Region:
# 10,601
World:
# 30,852
H-Index
Total:
69
Last 6 Year:
34
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.493
i10 Index
Total:
197
Last 6 Year:
131
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.665
Citation
Total:
15,100
Last 6 Year:
4,699
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.311
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 78
Country:
# 1,018
Region:
# 11,555
World:
# 33,449
H-Index
Total:
67
Last 6 Year:
38
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.567
i10 Index
Total:
156
Last 6 Year:
103
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.660
Citation
Total:
18,514
Last 6 Year:
5,676
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.307
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 77
Country:
# 1,028
Region:
# 11,685
World:
# 33,828
H-Index
Total:
67
Last 6 Year:
29
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.433
i10 Index
Total:
153
Last 6 Year:
94
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.614
Citation
Total:
14,214
Last 6 Year:
3,255
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.229
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 45
Country:
# 1,088
Region:
# 12,373
World:
# 35,877
H-Index
Total:
65
Last 6 Year:
51
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.785
i10 Index
Total:
134
Last 6 Year:
125
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.933
Citation
Total:
18,279
Last 6 Year:
9,776
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.535
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 55
Country:
# 1,596
Region:
# 12,879
World:
# 37,157
H-Index
Total:
65
Last 6 Year:
28
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.431
i10 Index
Total:
166
Last 6 Year:
68
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.410
Citation
Total:
17,757
Last 6 Year:
2,904
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.164
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 4
Country:
# 1,634
Region:
# 13,247
World:
# 38,249
H-Index
Total:
64
Last 6 Year:
39
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.609
i10 Index
Total:
225
Last 6 Year:
123
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.547
Citation
Total:
14,221
Last 6 Year:
5,335
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.375
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 34
Country:
# 219
Region:
# 13,833
World:
# 39,907
H-Index
Total:
63
Last 6 Year:
41
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.651
i10 Index
Total:
183
Last 6 Year:
133
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.727
Citation
Total:
16,914
Last 6 Year:
7,452
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.441
Marco Rusnati
angiogenesis
virus infection
heparan sulfate proteoglycans
macromolecular interaction
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 27
Country:
# 1,750
Region:
# 14,171
World:
# 40,805
H-Index
Total:
63
Last 6 Year:
29
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.460
i10 Index
Total:
137
Last 6 Year:
76
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.555
Citation
Total:
12,652
Last 6 Year:
2,781
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.220
Haike Antelmann
microbial redox-signalling
redox biology
bacillithiol
mycothiol
post-translational thiol-modifications
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 26
Country:
# 2,047
Region:
# 14,686
World:
# 42,316
H-Index
Total:
62
Last 6 Year:
36
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.581
i10 Index
Total:
119
Last 6 Year:
90
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.756
Citation
Total:
11,776
Last 6 Year:
4,035
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.343
Erich Bornberg Bauer
Molecular Evolution
Bioinformatics
Genome Evolution
Protein Evolution
Origins of Life
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 23
Country:
# 2,116
Region:
# 15,284
World:
# 44,093
H-Index
Total:
61
Last 6 Year:
39
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.639
i10 Index
Total:
134
Last 6 Year:
105
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.784
Citation
Total:
14,392
Last 6 Year:
5,681
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.395
Ann Hirsch
Symbiosis
plant-microbe interactions
plant growth promoting bacteria
rhizosphere
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 388
Country:
# 19,093
Region:
# 21,241
World:
# 47,022
H-Index
Total:
60
Last 6 Year:
31
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.517
i10 Index
Total:
147
Last 6 Year:
72
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.490
Citation
Total:
12,951
Last 6 Year:
3,633
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.281
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 51
Country:
# 2,036
Region:
# 16,362
World:
# 47,107
H-Index
Total:
60
Last 6 Year:
30
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.500
i10 Index
Total:
135
Last 6 Year:
93
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.689
Citation
Total:
14,484
Last 6 Year:
4,045
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.279
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 79
Country:
# 2,143
Region:
# 17,205
World:
# 49,562
H-Index
Total:
59
Last 6 Year:
28
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.475
i10 Index
Total:
99
Last 6 Year:
49
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.495
Citation
Total:
11,804
Last 6 Year:
2,665
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.226
Guido Antonelli
Virology
Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 125
Country:
# 2,326
Region:
# 18,635
World:
# 53,595
H-Index
Total:
57
Last 6 Year:
36
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.632
i10 Index
Total:
252
Last 6 Year:
123
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.488
Citation
Total:
11,944
Last 6 Year:
5,112
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.428
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 155
Country:
# 21,546
Region:
# 24,052
World:
# 54,050
H-Index
Total:
57
Last 6 Year:
33
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.579
i10 Index
Total:
92
Last 6 Year:
70
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.761
Citation
Total:
11,897
Last 6 Year:
3,932
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.331
Amir Karton
Quantum Chemistry
Density Functional Theory
Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Machine Learning
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 116
Country:
# 2,744
Region:
# 2,971
World:
# 55,443
H-Index
Total:
56
Last 6 Year:
43
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.768
i10 Index
Total:
147
Last 6 Year:
129
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.878
Citation
Total:
10,672
Last 6 Year:
6,221
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.583
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 128
Country:
# 1,587
Region:
# 19,696
World:
# 56,447
H-Index
Total:
56
Last 6 Year:
35
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.625
i10 Index
Total:
113
Last 6 Year:
84
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.743
Citation
Total:
12,960
Last 6 Year:
4,916
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.379
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 128
Country:
# 1,587
Region:
# 19,696
World:
# 56,447
H-Index
Total:
56
Last 6 Year:
35
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.625
i10 Index
Total:
113
Last 6 Year:
84
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.743
Citation
Total:
12,960
Last 6 Year:
4,916
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.379
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 1
Country:
# 1
Region:
# 400
World:
# 68,296
H-Index
Total:
52
Last 6 Year:
37
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.712
i10 Index
Total:
197
Last 6 Year:
128
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.650
Citation
Total:
11,247
Last 6 Year:
5,239
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.466
Volker Knoop
RNA editing
Early land plants
Group II introns
mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 79
Country:
# 3,265
Region:
# 24,756
World:
# 70,033
H-Index
Total:
52
Last 6 Year:
27
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.519
i10 Index
Total:
97
Last 6 Year:
55
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.567
Citation
Total:
8,307
Last 6 Year:
2,461
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.296
Giulio Caracciolo
Nanomedicine
Bio-nano interactions
Protein Corona
Gene & Drug Delivery
Early Cancer Detection
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 169
Country:
# 3,228
Region:
# 25,133
World:
# 71,224
H-Index
Total:
51
Last 6 Year:
41
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.804
i10 Index
Total:
155
Last 6 Year:
113
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.729
Citation
Total:
8,919
Last 6 Year:
5,425
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.608
Christian Happi
Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Bioinformatics
One Health
Genomics Surveillance
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 1
Country:
# 21
Region:
# 441
World:
# 72,003
H-Index
Total:
51
Last 6 Year:
36
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.706
i10 Index
Total:
143
Last 6 Year:
96
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.671
Citation
Total:
27,852
Last 6 Year:
18,404
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.661
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 5
Country:
# 436
Region:
# 26,594
World:
# 75,317
H-Index
Total:
50
Last 6 Year:
39
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.780
i10 Index
Total:
86
Last 6 Year:
75
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.872
Citation
Total:
8,614
Last 6 Year:
4,594
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.533
Dirk Becker
Plant Molecular Biology
Membrane Transport
Ion Channels
Signaling
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 53
Country:
# 3,554
Region:
# 27,149
World:
# 76,679
H-Index
Total:
50
Last 6 Year:
32
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.640
i10 Index
Total:
70
Last 6 Year:
56
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.800
Citation
Total:
10,009
Last 6 Year:
3,780
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.378
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 48
Country:
# 297
Region:
# 546
World:
# 82,164
H-Index
Total:
49
Last 6 Year:
24
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.490
i10 Index
Total:
70
Last 6 Year:
42
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.600
Citation
Total:
7,174
Last 6 Year:
2,234
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.311
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 91
Country:
# 3,896
Region:
# 30,240
World:
# 85,031
H-Index
Total:
48
Last 6 Year:
31
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.646
i10 Index
Total:
110
Last 6 Year:
87
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.791
Citation
Total:
8,186
Last 6 Year:
3,179
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.388
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 7
Country:
# 532
Region:
# 30,269
World:
# 85,107
H-Index
Total:
48
Last 6 Year:
31
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.646
i10 Index
Total:
86
Last 6 Year:
67
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.779
Citation
Total:
6,581
Last 6 Year:
3,057
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.465
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 30
Country:
# 3,936
Region:
# 30,605
World:
# 85,907
H-Index
Total:
48
Last 6 Year:
27
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.563
i10 Index
Total:
109
Last 6 Year:
73
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.670
Citation
Total:
8,296
Last 6 Year:
2,457
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.296
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 51
Country:
# 329
Region:
# 616
World:
# 90,265
H-Index
Total:
47
Last 6 Year:
28
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.596
i10 Index
Total:
102
Last 6 Year:
69
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.676
Citation
Total:
8,454
Last 6 Year:
2,954
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.349
Dominique Schneider
Experimental evolution
evolutionary trajectories
epistasis
adaptive diversification
genomics and regulatory networks
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 80
Country:
# 2,499
Region:
# 32,267
World:
# 90,355
H-Index
Total:
47
Last 6 Year:
28
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.596
i10 Index
Total:
68
Last 6 Year:
52
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.765
Citation
Total:
10,413
Last 6 Year:
3,091
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.297
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 192
Country:
# 577
Region:
# 32,496
World:
# 90,896
H-Index
Total:
47
Last 6 Year:
25
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.532
i10 Index
Total:
98
Last 6 Year:
63
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.643
Citation
Total:
16,127
Last 6 Year:
7,792
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.483
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 234
Country:
# 2,514
Region:
# 34,164
World:
# 95,492
H-Index
Total:
46
Last 6 Year:
26
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.565
i10 Index
Total:
100
Last 6 Year:
51
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.510
Citation
Total:
7,889
Last 6 Year:
2,123
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.269
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 103
Country:
# 2,538
Region:
# 34,576
World:
# 96,572
H-Index
Total:
46
Last 6 Year:
18
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.391
i10 Index
Total:
139
Last 6 Year:
39
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.281
Citation
Total:
10,843
Last 6 Year:
2,091
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.193
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 43
Country:
# 2,732
Region:
# 34,605
World:
# 96,670
H-Index
Total:
46
Last 6 Year:
16
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.348
i10 Index
Total:
108
Last 6 Year:
29
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.269
Citation
Total:
6,735
Last 6 Year:
1,105
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.164
Rankings
University / Institution:
# 245
Country:
# 36,379
Region:
# 40,942
World:
# 99,817
H-Index
Total:
45
Last 6 Year:
29
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.644
i10 Index
Total:
79
Last 6 Year:
64
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.810
Citation
Total:
6,335
Last 6 Year:
2,693
Last 6 Year/Total:
0.425