Methodology

“AD Scientific Index” Methodology

“AD Scientific Index” (Alper-Doger Scientific Index):

This new index has been developed by Prof. Dr. Murat ALPER and Associate Prof. Dr. Cihan DÖĞER by using the total and the last 6 years' values of the i10 index, the h-index and the citation scores in Google Scholar. In addition, the ratio of the last 6 years' value to the total value of the above indices is used. Using a total of nine parameters, the "AD Scientific Index" "World Scientist and University Rankings" shows the ranking of an individual scientist in 12 subject areas, 256 branches, 24.266 institutions, 219 countries, 10 regions and the world. AD Scientific Index' creates a large number of outputs that can evaluate individuals and institutions by using the academic data it has.

Why is the “AD Scientific Index” needed? How is it different from other rankings?

AD Scientific Index is more than a "Ranking". The "AD Scientific Index" is the first and only study that shows the total and six-year productivity coefficients of scientists based on h-index and i10 index scores and citations in Google Scholar. In addition, the index provides a free academic environment where 24.266 universities, 219 countries and 2.158.692 scientists can express themselves in the widest possible way and emphasize equal opportunities. In other words, in addition to the ranking, the "AD Scientific Index" provides the results of numerous analyses by which academic progress can be assessed. Another difference of the AD Scientific Index is that it first ranks the university or institution within all institutions, and then gives its ranking within similar institutions or within universities, private and public universities. In addition to the indexing and ranking functions, AD Scientific Index enlivens the academic life and offers the user the possibility to carry out an efficient academic analysis to verify and detect incorrect and unethical profiles, plagiarism, falsification, distortion, duplication, fabrication, slicing, salamisation, unfair authorship and various manifestations of academic harassment. Such analyses also help to reveal the medium- and long-term results of various policies implemented by institutions, including those related to academic staff recruitment and retention policies, salary policies, academic incentives and the scientific working environment.

Why "AD Scientific Index" is more than a ranking?

As a fully independent organization, "AD Scientific Index" is committed to equal opportunity and ranks without privileging certain countries, institutions, languages or journals.
It is not limited to publications in specific journals, but also uses all journals and products such as books in the ranking.
It makes personal and organisational ethical violations visible.
Ranking of 219 countries. Only in AD Scientific Index
Ranking of 24.266 institutions by more than 10 parameters. Only in AD Scientific Index
Rankings of All Universities (18,528), Private Universities (8,229) and Public Universities (10,299) institutions (3,412), companies (1,995) and hospitals (341). Only AD Scientific Index.
Ranking of 2.158.692 scientists with more than 10 parameters. Only AD Scientific Index.
Distribution analysis of the scientific ranking of the academic staff in the institution according to percentiles. Only in AD Scientific Index..
Special interest and inclusion of the highest number of scientists in the fields of Social Sciences, Law, History, Theology, Philosophy, Art, Education, Economy and Business & Management: Only in AD Scientific Index
The ranking of individuals and organisations is not updated once a year, but every few days. Only in the AD Scientific Index...
Showing the status of universities and institutions in total and in the last 6 years according to H Index, i10 index and number of citations. Only in AD Scientific Index...
Progress analysis of institutions in the last 6 years. Only in AD Scientific Index...
Comparison of public universities with public universities and showing the situation in total and in the last 6 years according to H Index, i10 index and number of citations. Only in AD Scientific Index...
Comparison of private universities with private universities and showing their status in total and in the last 6 years according to H Index, i10 index and number of citations. Only in AD Scientific Index...
Showing the status of individuals according to H Index, i10 index and number of citations in total and in the last 6 years. Only in AD Scientific Index...
Showing the ranking of individuals by institution, country, region and branch in the world. Only in AD Scientific Index...

Subject Rankings: Which subjects are ranked in the AD Scientific Index?

Agriculture & Forestry: Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Mechanization, Agriculture, Crop Science, Entomology & Pesticides, Animal Science, Fisheries, Forestry, Horticulture, Plant Science, Poultry Production, Soil and Water Engineering and Conservation, Soil Sciences and Plant Nutrition. Arts, Design & Architecture: Architecture, Interior Architecture, Arts, Design, Urban Planning. Business & Management: Business Administration, Communication, Decision Science and Operations Management, Entrepreneurship, Human Resource Management, Marketing, Public Administration, Public Relations and Advertising, Strategic Management. Economics & Econometrics: Accounting & Finance, Banking and Insurance, Economics, International Trade. Education: Education, Educational Administration, Educational Technology, Educational Psychology, Elemantary Teacher Education, Foreign Language Education, Guidance and Counseling, Mathematics and Science Education, Sociology of Education, Special Education. Engineering & Technology: Aerospace Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Earth Sciences, Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electrical & Information Engineering, Energy Engineering, Environmental Science & Engineering, Food Science and Engineering, Geomatics Engineering, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Marine Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Mining Engineering, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nuclear Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Textile Engineering. History, Philosophy, Theology, Law / Law and Legal Studies. Medical and Health Sciences: Anatomy, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Audiology and Speech Pathology, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biostatistics, Cardiology, Cardiovascular Surgery, Chest Diseases, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Pathology, Dentistry, Dermatology and Venereology, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology, Epidemiology and Public Health and Metabolism, Family Medicine, Forensic Medicine, Gastroenterology, General Surgery, Geriatrics, Health Sciences, Hematology, Histology and Embriology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Medical Biology, Medical Education, Medical Genetics, Medical Microbiology, Medical Oncology, Medical Parasitology, Medical Physics, Medical Physiology, Medical Virology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Mycology, Neonatology, Nephrology, Neurology, Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Nuclear Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery, Nutrition and Dietetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Occupational Medicine, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Otorhinolaryngology, Parasitology, Pathology, Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pediatric Hematology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Pulmonology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Perinatology, Pharmacology, Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Medicine, Physiology, Physiotherapy, Plastic Surgery, Podiatry, Psychiatry, Radiation Oncology, Radiology, Rheumatology, Sports Medicine, Thoracic Surgery, Urology, Veterinary Sciences, Virology. Natural Sciences: Biological Science, Chemical Sciences, Geography, Mathematical Science, Molecular Biology & Genetics, Physics. Social Sciences: Anthropology, Archeology, Child Development, Demography, Higher Education Studies, Housing, International Relations, Journalism and Media, Library and Information Science, Linguistics and Literature, Open and Distance Education, Political Science, Psychology, Social Policy, Social Science, Social Work, Sociology, Tourism & Hospitality, Transportation Science & Technology.

How are History, Theology, Philosophy, Law and Social Sciences ranked? How do we avoid comparing apples and pears?

In classical rankings, some disciplines are advantaged and some are disadvantaged. Unlike other rankings, we have made some choices to reduce the disadvantage of these disadvantaged disciplines: Most importantly, we used Google Scholar, which does not ignore books, theses and other published sources, because this database takes into account publications in other databases, books, theses and other types of scientific contributions, in addition to publications in certain groups of journals such as SCI, SCI-E, SSCI, AHCI. Secondly, we have paid special attention to the fields of Social Sciences, Law, History, Theology, Philosophy, Art, Education, Economy and Business & Management, and created separate headings and sub-headings. Thirdly, we have made a significant difference by ranking individuals within all disciplines while at the same time ranking these disadvantaged disciplines (Social Sciences, Law, History, Theology, Philosophy, Art, Education, Economy and Business & Management) within themselves. We presented the ranking in these fields as institution, country, continent and world. Fourth, we started to highlight the issue of exempting CERN and some epidemiological studies. We have the highest number of scientists in these fields. At the same time, the importance we attach to this issue will increase.

How often is the ranking done? If I register today, when will my ranking appear in the system?

Individuals and institutions/universities are usually ranked every day or at the latest every two days. New entries, deletions, corrections and changes are usually visible in all web areas after one day or at the latest three days. In other words, all entries can be viewed up to date after two working days at the latest. H index, i10 index and citation numbers in profiles are updated every 45-60 days.

Data Update, Data Collection, How often is the data updated? :

H index, i10 index and citation numbers in profiles are updated every 45-60 days. Data is collected from Google Scholar. The aim is to standardise names, institutions and industries as much as possible. Non-standardised data, including wide variations in information and the use of abbreviations and a variety of languages, have caused difficulties. Updates and new rankings will be available through the current list of profiles and the pool of academics, which would grow with new subscriptions. By performing data mining and reviewing the information obtained, many profiles have been excluded from the index. In addition, some profiles were excluded during the regular data cleaning process. Data cleansing requires a regular process that must be carried out meticulously. We welcome your input in cleaning the data and ensuring accuracy.

Identifying the subjects/departments to which scientific fields would belong may seem easy in some industries and in a number of countries. However, it may cause considerable confusion in some other countries, regions and schools. We would like to emphasise that the following fields, including engineering, natural and environmental sciences, biology and biochemistry, materials science, chemistry and social sciences, may exist in quite different spectrums in different countries. Therefore, we would like to emphasise that the standardisation of subjects and branches has not been easy. In order to carry out the standardisation, we have accepted the official names of the institutions and academic branches as they appear on the university website. We developed this strategy in order to at least partially standardise this complex situation.

Expansion Policy and Add to the list?:

The number of universities in countries and the number of academics in universities are gradually increasing within our means. The current list of registered academics includes 2.158.692 individuals, making it the largest ranked database. Frequent updates will be limited to new individual and institutional registrations in addition to our existing lists. In general, we do not aim for an infinite expansion in the number of people, as we have reached a manageable number that will provide healthy results. Addition to the list is limited to new individual and institutional registrations.

Profile information and ethical responsibility:

The ethical responsibility for accurate profile information rests entirely with the individual scientist. However, we believe that it would be prudent for institutions, countries, and even professional societies to conduct periodic reviews of the profiles of scientists affiliated with their organisation, as misleading information can damage the reputation of the organisation or country. Organisations should also review profiles to identify and report on scientists who are not affiliated with the institution. In order to avoid damage to the reputation of the institution, institutions should take the necessary corrective and preventive action against published scientist profiles that are unethically arranged.

Is it compulsory to register to find out your ranking?

You do not need to register to find out your individual ranking, you will be ranked more or less the same as a scientist with a similar H index, i10 index and citation count. Scientists with scores similar to yours are definitely on the list. However, you need to register to be included in the ranking with all its elements. We would also like to emphasize once again that not being included in this list does not devalue a scientist, it just means that the scientist is not on this list, or sometimes that the scientist did not choose to be on this list.

Ranking Criteria:

H-index rankings: Ranking of scientists by the university, country, region, and in the world was performed based on the “total h-index”. The “total h-index” was used in rankings by the branch and the subbranch.

The ranking criteria based on the “total h-index” scores were used in the following order: 1. Total h-index scores, 2. Last 6 years’ h-index scores, 3. Total i10 index scores, 4. Total number of citations). Ranking based on the last 6 years h-index" scores was performed using criteria in the following order: 1. Last 6 years’ h-index scores, 2. Total h-index scores, 3. Last 6 years’ i10 index scores, 4- Number of citations in the last 6 years.

i10 Index Productivity Rankings: i10 Index Productivity Rankings is a unique service offered only by "AD Scientific Index". It is a ranking system derived from the i10 index to show the productivity of scientists in publishing high-value scientific articles. It shows the number of articles with 10 or more citations, not the total number of articles of the scientist. Productivity Rankings is a tool that lists the most productive scientists in a given field, discipline, university and country, and can guide the development of meaningful incentives and academic policies. The world, regional and university rankings of scientists in this table are calculated on the basis of the overall i10 index. You can also see the "last 6 years i10 index", Universities Rankings 2024 (Sort by : Total i10 Index) and Universities Rankings 2024 (Sort by : Last 6 Years i10 Index)

The ranking criteria for the total i10 index were used in the following order: 1. Total i10 index scores, 2. Last 6 years’ i10 index scores, 3. Total h-index scores, and 4. Total number of citation . Ranking based on the last 6 years’ i10 index scores was performed using the criteria in the following order: 1. Last 6 years’ i10 index scores, 2. Total i10 index scores, 3. Last 6 years’ h-index scores and 4. Number of citations in the last 6 years.

Citation Rankings (Highly Cited Researchers): Citation Ranking (Highly Cited Researchers) is a unique service offered only by "AD Scientific Index". It is a ranking system derived from the number of citations to scientific articles of scientists. The Citation Rankings is a tool that lists the scientists whose scientific publications are most highly valued in a given field (Agriculture and Forestry, Art, Design and Architecture, Business and Management, Economics and Econometrics, Education, Engineering and Technology, History, Philosophy, Theology, Law, Medicine and Health Sciences, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences and their 256 sub-branches), university and country, and like the i10 index, this ranking can guide the development of meaningful incentives and academic policies. You can also see for more specific citation analyses: "last 6 years citation index" Universities Rankings 2024 (Sort by: Total Citations) and Universities Rankings 2024 (Sort by : Last 6 Years Citations)

Ranking based on the total number of citations was performed using the criteria in the following order: 1. Total number of citations, 2. Number of citations in the last 6 years , 3. Total i10 index scores and 4. Total h-index scores. Ranking based on the total number of citations in the last 6 years was performed using the criteria in the following order: 1: Number of citations in the last 6 years, 2. Total number of citations, 3: Last 6 years’ i10 index scores and 4. Last 6 years’ h-index scores

Studies that influence the order of ranking because of a high number of citations received, in a manner similar to CERN:

We started a procedure to add an asterisk as “i” at the end of the names of the authors when a scientific paper of interest included many authors such as CERN, ATLAS, ALICE, CMS, Statistical Data, Guideline, Updates etc. scientific papers. We think that new criteria will be defined to be implemented for such studies. Until further criteria are described, we marked such studies with a “i” sign. List without CERN, Statistical Data etc.

Why are the last 6 years’ ratios / total ratios important?

The h-index, the i10 index and the ratio of citations in the last 6 years to the total number of citations are important unique features of the AD Scientific Index, showing both the development of the individual performance of the scientist and the impact of the institutional policies of the universities on the overall scientific picture.

Ranking Criteria for Universities:

We have a ranking that includes all universities, private universities, public universities, institutions, hospitals, companies, as well as a ranking that includes only the relevant categories. For example, a private university: You can see its ranking in the country, the region and the world among all institutions, all private universities and all universities.

For global university rankings, ranking organisations use the following parameters: quality of education, employment rates of graduates, quality of faculties within an individual university, international collaborations, number of alumni and staff awarded Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, number of highly cited researchers selected by Clarivate Analytics, total number of research papers, number of articles published in Nature and Science journals, number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and number of highly cited research articles. Each ranking organisation develops a ranking methodology that assigns different weightings to selected elements of these parameters. Experienced ranking organisations evaluate 2000-3000 universities for the ranking.

AD Scientific Index performs rankings using a single parameter, the number of "Valued and Productive Scientists" employed by a given university. This parameter, selected after years of observation, is calculated using the total H-index and i10-index values together with the number of citations, and the total H-index and i10-index values of the last 6 years together with the number of citations received in the last 6 years. We rank more than 24,350 universities in this way. Careful examination will reveal that most of the other parameters are representations of the natural academic products of 'valued and productive academics'. Institutions employing a high number of Valued and Productive Scientists, for example scientists in the first top 10%, top 20%, top 40%, top 60%, top 80% and later ranks, will naturally produce a higher number of academic outputs listed as the parameters above. "The AD Scientific Index is the only university ranking system that analyses the distribution of scientists in an institution according to the 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 percentiles.

The ranking of institutions starts by identifying the scientists in the top 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 per cent of the institution. Institutions with more scientists in these bands are ranked higher. If there is an equal number of scientists in a range, the next range is considered. If the number is still equal, the institution with the higher number of individual scientists is ranked higher.

A comparison of the AD Scientific Index scores of institutions with the scores of other ranked institutions will show a high degree of consistency between the scores. We use our methodology to rank institutions of different characteristics and sizes from different countries and all continents, and achieve very successful results through the ranking figures obtained. Given the ongoing processes of data entry and data cleansing for over 24,500 universities, we expect that data entry issues such as incomplete entries or human errors in data entry made by either the universities or our team will be resolved and lead to improved accuracy of results over time.

The AD Scientific Index top university rankings will not only list the areas in which a university is the best or has room for improvement, but will also reflect the results of the institutions' science policies. This report reveals the ability of institutions to attract highly-regarded researchers and the ability of institutions to promote progress and retain researchers.

Institution analysis, Compare And Choose Universities/Institutions

"AD Scientific Index" is the only source where you can evaluate all these institutions according to Total H Index, Last 6 Years H Index, Total i10 Index, Last 6 Years i10 Index, Total Citations and Last 6 Years Citations and analyse the latest developments of the institution. AD Scientific Index is the only analysis system that can analyse the number of scientists in institutions by subject and the top 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 90% of the world. A comprehensive and reliable resource for your academic preferences and choices at all levels. You can find relevant data in “AD Scientific Index” to compare 24.266 universities and institutions from 219 countries. The number of scientists and publications, academic interests, and other detailed analysis results concerning universities and institutions will help you make your choices. For comparisons, click

University Subject Rankings BETA VERSION

Following the same logic as the University/Institution rankings, we provide country, continent and world subject rankings of 24.266 universities/institutions in the following fields: Agriculture and Forestry, Art, Design and Architecture, Business and Management, Economics and Econometrics, Education, Engineering and Technology, History, Philosophy, Theology, Law, Medicine and Health Sciences, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Others. Jul, 26, 2024 This study is ranked according to the Total H Index and is currently in Beta version. The world, region, country and university subject area ranking is in beta version as the 'others' subject area (762.001 excludes the scientist profile whose branch is unidentified, not yet edited or not yet identified, so the ranking will change as the 'others' fields are edited. Please note. In this ranking, the ranking is not based on whether the institution has a faculty related to the branch, but on whether there are scientists in that branch. University Subject Rankings have features that can be an equivalence parameter between countries. In addition to the general ranking of the university, the ranking of some faculties may be better or worse than the general average of the university. For this purpose, University Subject Rankings of the "AD Scientific Index" can be used as a ranking criterion in equivalence procedures.

Ranking Criteria for Countries:

As described in the university ranking section, it is not easy to obtain and standardize data from about 24.266 universities for the 219 country ranking. Therefore, we based our ranking system on the number of meritorious scientists. Four criteria are used to rank the countries. The first one is the number of scientists in the top 10% list. The second and third criterion are the number of scientists in the Top 20%, Top 40%,Top 60% Top 80%, and later ranks. The fourth one is the number of scientists listed in the AD Scientific Index. In the case of equalities after applying all these four criteria, the world rank of the meritorious scientist of that country is used.

Top 100 Institutions

You can list the top 100 institutions among 24.266 universities, private universities, public universities, institutions, hospitals and companies in 219 countries, 10 regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, Arab League, EECA, BRICS, and COMESA) and the world.

Top 100 Scientists

The Top 100 Scientists ranking is based on total h-index scores. The Top 100 Scientists can be ranked globally or specifically for the following regions: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, Arab League, EECA, BRICS and Latin America, based on total h-index scores without any breakdown by subject area. The top 100 rankings in the world, continent or region include the standardised subject areas of Agriculture & Forestry, Arts, Design & Architecture, Business & Management, Economics & Econometrics, Education, Engineering & Technology, History, Philosophy, Theology, Law & Legal Studies, Medical & Health Sciences, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences. Subjects listed as 'other' are not included in the rankings by region and subject. Therefore, you may wish to specify your subject and field and contribute to the standardisation of your performance. Identifying the subjects/departments to which scientific fields would belong may seem easy in some sectors and in a number of countries. However, it may cause considerable confusion in some other countries, regions and schools. We would like to emphasise that the following fields, including engineering, natural and environmental sciences, biology, biochemistry, materials science, biotechnology, chemistry and social sciences, may exist in quite different spectrums in different countries. Therefore, we would like to emphasise that the standardisation of subjects and branches was not easy. In order to carry out the standardisation, we have accepted the official names of the institutions and academic branches as they appear on the university website. We developed this strategy to at least partially standardise this complex situation. We also started a procedure of adding an asterisk as an "i" at the end of the authors' names when a scientific paper of interest had many authors, such as the scientific papers of CERN.

Data Cleaning and the Redlist

Data cleansing is a dynamic process that we perform systematically on an ongoing basis. Despite our best efforts, we may not be completely accurate and we welcome your contributions to the Red List notifications. Rarely, some scientists are placed on the Red List due to innocent mistakes made in good faith and without unethical behaviour. Most errors are the result of inadequate periodic profile checks. To avoid such an undesirable situation, researchers should regularly check their profiles and institutions should systematically check the profiles of their staff. Use [email protected] to report an inappropriate profile, death, or any other condition that would require the profile to be removed.

A very important reminder: Limitations of the “AD Scientific Index”: Missing or Inaccurate Profiles or Missing Institution Names

This index is a comparative platform developed by ranking accessible and verified profiles. First and foremost, not being included in this index for various reasons does not mean that the academician is not valued or that only those academicians listed in the index are the valued ones. This should be noted carefully. A meritorious scholar may not have been included in this index because he or she does not have a Google Scholar profile or we do not have access to that profile for various reasons. The unavailability of verified Google Scholar profiles of scholars working at well-known and respected academic institutions in their respective countries may prevent us from finding institutions and scholars' profiles. Because updating profiles in the system and collecting data from open sources requires effort, and because the data is being collected for the first time, it is not possible for the index to be completely error-free.

Google Scholar profiles are created and published by scholars themselves on a voluntary basis. An individual may not have created a profile for a variety of reasons and will therefore not be listed in the AD Scientific Index. It is important to remember that a profile may not exist or be public at the time of our search, some profiles may only be public at certain times, the information in the profile may not be consistent, there may be more than one profile belonging to the same person, profiles may not be verified, the name of the institution may be missing, surnames or names of institutions may change, profile owners may have died, or known or unforeseen problems may occur. Profiles whose owners have died will be removed from the system. The list is continually updated and corrected.

If we discover or are informed of unethical situations in profile information that go beyond the bounds of decency, the person will be removed from the list. As individuals are responsible for the accuracy of their profiles, organisations should also include the need to review academic staff profiles in their agenda.

Articles with thousands of authors, such as CERN studies in the field of physics, or scientific studies with more than one author in classification studies in medicine or statistical studies, raise debates about the requirements for the amount of article content that belongs to an author. As such papers may lead to inequality of opportunity, a separate grouping system may be needed in the future. To minimise this problem, it is also possible to sort using the "List without CERN, Statistical Data, etc" option. This is a feature found only in the AD Scientific Index.

The pros and cons of "ranking" systems such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and similar others are well known, and the limitations of such systems have long been recognised in the scientific community. Therefore, interpreting this study beyond these limitations may lead to erroneous results. The AD Scientific Index needs to be evaluated with all of the above potential limitations in mind.

Possible reasons why a scientist is not on this list...

Since its foundation, AD Scientific Index has expanded at a rapid pace to include relevant individuals, regions, universities, countries, and continents. Currently, it includes 2.158.692 scientists and academicians from 219 countries and 24.266 universities and institutions. We are in continuous pursuit of comprehensiveness with close observations for the accuracy, cleanliness, reliability, and up-to-dateness of the data so as to ensure sustainability. During each update, all data with several types of increases in figures are subject to reviews for controls. So far, we have excluded almost 200,000 items of data for several reasons during the several stages of list development. Reasons why a name is not on the list:

No Google Scholar profile available,
Notification that the person does not wish to be listed,
The Google Scholar profile is not PUBLIC,
Change of Google Scholar profile address
The information in the profile is incomplete or irrelevant,
A change in the profile's PUBLIC status,
Some publications do not belong to the profile,
Inappropriateness found and deleted during the review of a complaint about the profile
Opening of the personal profile outside the period of periodic data expansion for the organisation
The address is not clear or reliable,
Deletions due to various notifications of non-compliance by the researcher's institution
Deletion of previously listed profiles due to inaccessibility of profiles during updates,
Also, due to various errors, a name may not appear in the list or may have been deleted.

Deleted Profiles, Inappropriate or unethical profiles

Profiles can be deleted for various reasons. Some profiles are deleted according to the controls made for data cleaning and ensuring the timeliness of the data, including ethical violation applications, sharing publications belonging to someone else, including publications belonging to someone else due to name similarity, preventing the profile from being public, profiles that are sometimes open and sometimes closed, profiles containing elements that undermine trust, profiles that are closed or inaccessible during the data renewal period. These profiles can register after correcting their data. Inappropriate or unethical profiles will be deleted without warning and payment will not be refunded, even if the fee has been paid.

How can individuals find out their ranking if they are not already included in the list?

You do not need to be included in a relevant list to find out your ranking. The ranking will be the same as those of other academicians or scientists with similar scores in the list. However, there is only one way to get on the list: using the registration page of the website. You can use the individual or institutional registration option from this page. We do not respond to individual registration requests sent by e-mail.

May 25, 2021 Total 417.605 scientist, 167 country, 9.525 university

June 5, 2022 Total 948.737 scientist, 216 country, 15.652 university

April 1, 2023 Total 1.350.571 scientist, 218 country, 21.500 university

Jul, 26, 2024 Total 2.158.692 scientist, 219 country, 24.266 university

Could this work have been designed in another way?

It is not possible to measure the research capacity of a university or a researcher accurately on the basis of a few parameters. Assessments should include many other types of data, such as patents, research funding, incentives, published books, teaching intensity, congress presentations, and graduate and postgraduate teaching positions. A common criticism is why the Web of Science h-index is not used. Since it is not possible to access h-indexes such as Web of Science, Scopus or Publons, or data such as patents, awards, etc. for all individuals and all institutions, we chose Google Scholar, which suits our different methodology. We are aware that this choice has many pros and some cons. However, no matter which database is chosen, they all have their pros and cons, and the other options do not allow for analysis beyond approximately 2000-3000 institutions for comparison. Our methodology yields the same results as other ranking systems that use a large number of parameters. Except for a few countries with unique differences, the results are the same.

The Concept of Predatory:

A journal or an academic service cannot be considered predatory only because it is not free. The concept of predatory is used for describing any unethical action including those with factitious, spurious, exaggerated, or deceptive quality, performed in return for a fee. Any predatory activity is misleading and unfair. As an institution that does not receive any governmental, institutional, or financial support and with the aim of maintaining the sustainability of our academic services and the preservation of editorial independence, we have reached the following figures of 2.158.692 academicians and 24.266 universities included in our database completely free of charge through the extensive efforts of a large team within the scope of expanding our data in terms of countries, branches, and universities. Our expansion continues at a certain pace. However, we charge a small service fee from those, who prefer to be included in the system faster, without compromising ethical principles.

A methodology that increases transparency and visibility.

The "AD Scientific Index" not only provides ranking services, but also shines a light on ethical violations by presenting publicly available data, thus paving the way for ethical violations to be resolved. By carrying the torch in this way, we are improving controllability, transparency and accountability at both individual and corporate levels. These efforts have led individuals and institutions to focus on academic profiles, and tens of thousands of academics have revised and rearranged their profiles, removing inaccurate data. As well as stressing the need for academics to regularly review the information in their profiles, we also emphasise the need for institutions to review the profiles of their academic staff. You are always welcome to contribute by reporting incorrect data via the Red List link.

How will the new rankings be updated in the “AD Scientific Index”?

The current profile list will only expand with new individual and institutional registrations. We prefer not to work with instant data online, as data processing with simultaneous data entry may bring the risk of data pollution. Although it is difficult and time-consuming to check all profiles whose numerical values increase with each data extraction, we perform such checks on a regular basis. Therefore, please do not send an email requesting an update when the data in your profile changes. We delete all suspicious, unethical or questionable score increases directly without warning. However, you can always contribute by reporting an inappropriate profile that was accidentally overlooked by sending an email.

Is there a specified lower limit for the h-index and i10 index scores or the number of citations to be included in “AD Scientific Index”?

For REGISTRATION, no lower limits have been specified for the number of citations or the hindex or i10-index scores to be included in the “AD Scientific Index”.

Institutional Registration: For information regarding institutional registration

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